Long Distance Working Objectives (LDW) are specially designed lenses intended to provide high-resolution imaging and a greater working distance when compared to conventional lenses.
The benefit to using these in a macro or micro range is that the configuration provides more room to illuminate the subject and also to image at a more convenient distance for focus stacking techniques.
LDW lenses are readily available from a number of sources, such as Edmund Optics, Mitutoyo, Newport Corporation and Olympus, and they come in a variety of focal lengths, each designed for a specific magnification.
Although the mount for most is a standard RMS thread, they are intended to be used in specific optical systems. So, if you want to use it on a typical DSLR or Mirrorless camera, in order to avoid the time and money needed to design and machine parts, the trick is arranging a readily available series of adapters, tubing and optics that you can simply screw together.
For this project, my choice of suppliers was Thorlabs for all the components and Mitutoyo for the LDW lenses.
Mitutoyo objectives are lenses designed to have the best resolution possible at the longest working distance. The typical series of lenses is designed for 5x, 10x, and 20x magnification (there is also a 50x objective and other brands go up to 100x). The 5X BD Plan Apo objective has a working distance of 34 mm with a 14um depth of field. The 10x lens has a working distance of 34mm and a depth of field of 3.5um. The 20x lens has a 20 mm working distance with a 1.60um depth of field.
The lenses are designed to match modern optical microscope objectives and have the light at the back of the objective leave with the rays parallel. This design criteria is important for placing optical filters in the path, as well as utilizing an array of optical illumination techniques. The set of lenses with the BD designation is designed for bright-field or dark-field use.
The parallel light that leaves the objective has to be focused down to the camera sensor, and this is the role of the tube lens. The Mitutoyo objectives are designed for use with a tube lens of 200 mm focal length. From a design point of view, this means that the tube lens needs to be 200 mm from the camera sensor. Also, keep in mind that apertures need to be matched so that the tube lens does not limit the light hitting the camera sensor.
The full set of parts ready for assembly.
The Nikon 200mm tube lens is on the left and is available from Edmund Optics (part #58-520)
This tube lens mounts into the SM2A20 lens adapter made by Thorlabs.
Our assembly starts with the 200 mm tube lens screwed into the Thorlabs SM2A20 internal tube mount. The lens assembly is then secured to a 3” lens tube (SM2M30), an adjustable lens tube (SM2V10), a tube coupler SM2T2 – SM2, and ends in a conversion to an M42x1 (Pentax Screw) mount. Lens adapter rings are available for most major DSLR and Mirrorless Cameras from
Amazon and other suppliers – photos here show an M42x1 (Pentax Screw Mount) to Canon EOS EF Mount attached to a Canon EOS EF to EOS R mount for my two cameras (but you can go directly from M42x1 to Canon EOS R).
Note: Some camera mount adapters have a chrome interior finish which will create wild internal reflections and lens flare. These adapters will need to be coated with matt black paint.
Once the tube lens is attached to your camera, the adjustable ring SM2V10 is rotated and adjusted so that the camera achieves a sharp focus on an object infinitely far away. Pointing the camera out the window works fine for this.
Tube lens mounted and ready to be adjusted so that an object at infinity is in sharp focus.
In front of the lens tube is a second Thorlabs SM2M30 lens tube, and then a conversion ring SM2A6 is used to hold the SM1 thread adapter for the Mitutoyo lens mount.
Two Thorlabs SM2RC tube mounts are used to hold the lens in place. Here the lens is mounted to a 120 mm long Arca-Swiss compatible QR quick-release plate that has been modified to hold the rings in place with 8-32 screws.
Finished assembly ready for photography.
Here is a parts list with current prices as of November 2022.
About the Author
Ted Kinsman is an associate professor in the Photographic Sciences Department at Rochester Institute of Technology in Rochester, New York, where he teaches high-speed photography and scanning electron microscopy. He holds degrees in optics, physics, and science education. You can find out more about him and follow his work on his website.
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