Each print that I create is a composite of hundreds (sometimes thousands) of individual photos digitally stitched together. Using a method of macro photography called “photo stacking” it’s possible to create images with an incredible amount of detail, even when printed at a very large scale.
To show you the amount of work involved—often reaching 10 to 20 hours per image or more—I’ll walk you through my process using a giant stag beetle (Cyclommattus metallifer finae) from Indonesia. It is time-intensive and tedious, but worth it. Let’s get to it.
1. Order the insects from a sustainable source
The first of many questions that I usually get is where do I get all of these bugs to photograph? The short answer is I buy them online. And no, I don’t mean the dark web. Selling insects online is a legitimate full-time business for some people just like anything else.
I’d like to point out that all of the insects I photograph are raised from ethical and sustainable sources. This means different things to different people, and I’ve written a separate blog post about it if that interests you. My most common sources at this time include Insect Art, Bic Bugs, and BizzareBugs.
My first box when starting my collection.
2. Clean them without breaking them
If people aren’t already concerned about my mental health when I tell them I buy dead insects online, this next step usually does it. The insects arrive tightly wrapped to small cards using cellophane, and I carefully remove the packaging to inspect them. They usually look fairly clean to the naked eye, but if you were to scale them up to 40 times their actual size (which I do), you’d see that’s the farthest thing from the truth.
There are any number of ways to clean the insects, and different insects take better to different methods. In my arsenal of tools I have some paint brushes, tweezers, cotton swabs, soap, alcohol, and even an ultrasonic jewelry cleaner. I often start with a test photo of the bug to get an understanding of what I’m working with and go from there. Crazy? Probably. I really had no idea what I was getting into when I started this.
See for yourself. Though, they’re usually not this dirty.
3. Rehydrate the insect for flexibility
In the hobby, this is what’s referred to as a “relaxation chamber”. It’s basically any container with high humidity that’s used to rehydrate the insects. When the insects arrive they are dry, very brittle, break easily, and impossible to adjust into a more desirable position. Hydration solves this problem (though they’re still extremely delicate).
I use an old sushi take-out tray. I put damp paper towel in the bottom, some tupperwear lids as stands, and rest some thick card stock on top. This way I can place the insects on the card stock in the container without having them come into contact with water, and simply let them sit for one to a few days until they’re “relaxed”. Sometimes this step can be avoided if the insect was cleaned using water and is already flexible.
4. Get the insect into position using “pinning”
Positioning the insect uses a process that entomologists call pinning or spreading. While the bug is hydrated and malleable, it is laid on a styrofoam block and small pins are strategically placed around it to hold the arms, legs and other body parts in a desirable position. For these types of prints, trying to make the insect look as symmetrical as possible is important. Then it’s time to let them dry for a couple of days in preparation of the photo shoot.
Usually somewhere between 15 and 20 pins is enough to get the job done.
5. Take a whole bunch of photos
One of the great things about macro photography is that it doesn’t have to take up a ton of space. I live in a studio apartment and my entire setup fits along my kitchen bar top. The challenge, though, is that when taking photographs at such close distances, only a little slice of each photo is actually in focus. Since I want the entire bug to be in focus, I use a technique I call “micro panoramas”.
The objective is to walk away with a sharp photo of every nook and cranny of the insect. This means dividing the insect into several sections to photograph, and taking dozens of photos of each section to ensure every detail is in focus. Afterwards, I’ll combine them all together to have one large, sharp image. This print contained a total of 635 photos.
(If you’re curious about my equipment and setup, make sure to check out this article)
6. Combine the images with photo stacking software
How do I go about combining hundreds of photos? Thankfully it’s not a manual process, and there are several programs that help automate this. I can’t imagine how long something like this would take otherwise, if it would even be possible. I’ve found that the stacking software works great 98% of the time, but there are still manual tweaks and revisions that will be needed in post processing.
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- Notice that very little of this image is in focus.
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- The composite of 47 images is entirely in focus.
7. Clean and adjust the insect (again) digitally
This step is where things really get tedious (in case you didn’t think this was tedious enough already). It’s also the most time consuming part of the process. If everything has gone according to plan, we now have a large, detailed, and in-focus image. I’ll usually start by making any final adjustments to body part positions to make it as symmetrical as possible.
This step also reveals a whole new level of dirt and dust! At this point, we have no choice but to open Photoshop and meticulously remove thousands of individual particles one at a time. It’s a crucial step as you can see by looking at our giant stag beetle’s mandibles below. With all of the dirt, dust and oil stains out of the way, the entire focus of the photo can now be on the natural beauty of the insect.
Look at the difference a nice digital scrub can make.
To truly appreciate the details of these insects, it really helps to look at a larger image. I uploaded a higher-resolution version of the final beetle below for you to see his full detail.
8. Send it to the printer!
That sums up the “making of” portion of these prints. The entire process to this point may take anywhere from 10 to 20 hours per specimen. That doesn’t include the countless hours I spent researching and learning, with plenty of failed attempts along the way (I easily took tens of thousands of photos before arriving at my first image I finally thought was good enough to print).
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I hope that in seeing these images, you’re as blown away by these magnificent creatures as I am. I would love to share these insects with the world and sell prints in boutiques, or even display them in a gallery someday, so please let me know if you know of anybody that might be interested.
Yours truly,
Adam Mann
About the Author
Adam Mann is a nature lover and macro photography enthusiast based in Phoenix, AZ. You can see his work on his website, Micro Marvels, and follow him on Instagram. This article was also published here and shared with permission.
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